Gratitude,COMPLIMENT & CONGRATULATION

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Definition Of Advertisement :
Advertisement is a communication whose to inform potential customers about to generic increased consumption of those product and service through creation and reinforcement of brand loyalty.


▼ Function Of Advertisement :

• promotion
• communication
• information

▼ In making the advertisement keep the following point :

• using the correct of suitable words
• using the intersting and sugestive expression
• using positive expression
• text of advertisement should be directed to goal

Example Of Advertisement :

Present Perfect Tense

Form

( has / have  +  past participle )
Examples :

• You have seen that movie many times .
• Have you seen that movie many times ?
• You have not seen that movie many times .

Complete List of Present Perfect Forms

Use 1 Unspecified Time Before Now

We can use the present perfect with unspecific expressions such as : ever , never , once , many times , several times , before , so far , already , yet , etc .

Examples :

• I have seen that movie 20 times .
• People have traveled to the Moon .
• Have you read the book yet ?

How Do You Actually Use The Present Perfect ?

Topic 1 Experience

You can use the present perfect to describe your experience .

Examples :

• He has never traveled by train .
• Joan has studied 2 foreign languages .

Topic 2 Change Over Time

We often use the present perfect to talk about change that has happened over a period of time .

Examples :

• You have grown since the last time I saw you .
• My English has really improved since I moved to Australia .

Topic 3 Accomplishments

We often use the present perfect to list the accomplishments of individuals & humanity .

Examples :

• Man has walked on the Moon .
• Scientists have split the atom .

Topic 4 An Uncompleted Action You Are Expecting

We often use the present perfect to say that an action which we expected has not happened .

Examples :

• Bill has still not arrived .
• The rain hasn ' t stopped .

Topic 5 Multiple Actions At Different Times

We also use the present perfect to talk about several different actions which have occurred in the past at different times .

Examples :

• The army has attacked that city five times .

Time Expressions With Present Perfect

We can do this with expressions such as : in the last week , in the last year , this week , this month , so far , up to now , etc .

Examples :

• They have had 3 tests in the last week .
• My car has broken down 3 times this week .

Notice

" Last year " & " in the last year " are very different in meaning . It is not considered a specific time , so it requires present perfect .

Examples :

• I went to Mexico last year .
  
  

Use 2 Duration From The Past Until Now ( Non - Continuous Verbs )

" For 5 minutes , " " for 2 weeks , " & " since Tuesday " are all durations which can be used with the present perfect .

Examples :

• I have had a cold for 2 weeks .

Adverb Placement

The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as : always , only , never , ever , still , just , etc .

Examples :

• You have only seen that movie one time .
• Have you only seen that movie one time ?

Active / Passive

Examples :

• Many tourists have visited that castle . Active
• That castle has been visited by many tourists . Passive

Past Perfect Tense

A kind of tense that is used to describe an action / an event that started in a certain time in the past & completed / finished till certain / an event that had happened before the other event / action happened .

The Pattern :
( + ) Subject + had + verb I I I + complement
( – ) Subject + had not + verb I I I + complement
( ? ) Had + subject + verb I I I + complement ?
Formula of Verbal Sentence :
( + ) Subject + Had + V3
( - ) Subject + Had + Not + V3
( ? ) Had + Subject + V3 ?
Example :
+ She had put my book on the table last night .  
Formula of Nominal Sentence
( + ) Subject + Had + Been + Non Verb
( - ) Subject + Had + Not + Been + Non Verb
( ? ) Had + Subject + Been + Non Verb ?
Example :
+ I had been there when the accident happened .
- I had not been there when the accident happened .
? Had had been there when the accident happened ?

Future Perfect Tense

Future perfect has 2 different forms : " will have done " & " be going to have done . " 

Form Future Perfect With " Will "

( will have + past participle )
Examples :

• You will have perfected your english by the time you come back from the U . S .
• Will you have perfected your english by the time you come back from the U . S . ?
• You will not have perfected your english by the time you come back from the U . S .

Form Future Perfect With " Be Going To "

( am / is / are + going to have + past participle )
Examples :

• You are going to have perfected your english by the time you come back from the U . S .
• Are you going to have perfected your english by the time you come back from the U . S . ?
• You are not going to have perfected your english by the time you come back from the U . S .

Complete List Of Future Perfect Forms

Use 1 Completed Action Before Something In The Future

Examples :

• By next November , I will have received my promotion .
• I am not going to have finished this test by 3 o ' clock .

Use 2 Duration Before Something In The Future ( Non - Continuous Verbs )

Examples :

• I will have been in London for 6 months by the time I leave .
• By Monday , Susan is going to have had my book for a week .

Remember No Future In Time Clauses

Like all future forms , the future perfect cannot be used in clauses beginning with time expressions such as : when , while , before , after , by the time , as soon as , if , unless , etc .

Examples :

• I am going to see a movie when I will have finished my homework . Not Correct
• I am going to see a movie when I have finished my homework . Correct

Adverb Placement

The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as : always , only , never , ever , still , just , etc .
Examples :

• You will only have learned a few words .
• Will you only have learned a few words ?

Active / Passive

Examples :

• They will have completed the project before the deadline . Active
• The project will have been completed before the deadline . Passive

The structure of the future perfect tense is :

subject	+	auxiliary verb WILL	+	auxiliary verb HAVE	+	main verb
		invariable		invariable		past participle
		will		have		V3

Look at these example sentences in the future perfect tense :

	subject	auxiliary verb		auxiliary verb	main verb
+	I	will		have	finished	by 10am.
+	You	will		have	forgotten	me by then.
-	She	will	not	have	gone	to school.
-	We	will	not	have	left.
?	Will	you		have	arrived?
?	Will	they		have	received	it?

Vocabs: Shapes and Parts of Body

SHAPES

▼ Simple Straight Sided Shapes

Example :

•  Rectangle
•  Square
•  Triangle

▼ Simple Rounded Shapes

Example :

•  Circle                    

•  Oval

▼ Types of Triangle

Example :

•  Equilateral Triangle
•  Isosceles Triangle
•  Rightangled Triangle 

=) 3D Shapes

Example :

▼ Mathematical Shapes

Example :

•  Parallelogram
•  Pentagon-5 sides
• Hexagon-6 sides
•  Octagen-8 sides

▼ Miscellaneous Shapes

Example :

•  Coffin, Diamond
•  Heart
•  Kite
•  Petal, Shell
•  Star
•  Teardrop

Part of Body

The Body

1.Hair → Rambut

2.Head → Kepala

3.Neck → Leher

4.Throat → Tenggorokan

5.Shoulder → Bahu

6.Chest → Dada

7.Back → Punggung

8.Waist → Pinggung

9.Stomach/Tummy → Perut

10.Hip → Pinggul

11.Bottom → Pantat

12.Armpit → Ketiak

13.Arm → Lengan

14.Upper arm → Lengan Atas

15.Elbow → Siku

16.Forearm → Lengan Bawah

17.Wrist → Pergelangan Tangan

18.Fist → Kepalan Tangan

19.Hand → Tanagn

20.Palm → Tapak Tangan

21.Thumb → Ibu Jari

22.Finger → Jari Tangan

23.Nail → Kuku

24.Leg → Kaki

25.Thigh → Paha

26.Knee → Lutut

27.Calf → Betis

28.Ankle → Pergelangan Kaki

29.Foot → Kaki

30.Heel → Tumit

31.Instep → Kura-Kura Kaki

32.Sole → Tapak Kaki

33.Toes → Jari Kaki  

The Skeleton

1.Skull → Tengkorak

2.Collar-bone → Tulang Selangka

3.Shoulder-blade → Tulang Belikat

4.Ribs → Tulang Rusuk

5.Backbone/Spine → Tulang Belakang / Punggung

6.Breastbone → Tulang dada

7.Hip-bone/Pelvis → Tulang pinggul

8.Kneecap → Tulang Tempurung Kepala 

The Face

1.Eye → Mata

2.Noise → Hidung

3.Ear → Telinga

4.Mouth → Mulut

5.Cheek → Pipi

6.Chin → Dagu

7.Temple → Pelipis

8.Forehead/Brow → Dahi/Kenig

9.Jaw → Rahang

10.Moustache → Kumis

11.Beard → Janggut

12.Tooth → Gigi

13.Lip → Bibir

14.Tongue → Lidah

The Eye

1.Eyeball → Bola Mata

2.Eyebrow → Alis Mata

3.Eyelid → Kelopak Mata

4.Eyelashes → Bulu Mata

5.Pupil → Manik Mata

6.Iris → Selaput Pelangi

The Insides

1.Brain → Otak

2.Windpipe → Batang Tenggorokan

3.Heart → Jantung

4.Lung → Paru-Paru

5.Liver → Hati

6.Kidney → Ginjal

7.Intestines → Usus

8.Bladder → Kandung Kemis

9.Vein → Pembuluh Balik

10.Artery → Pembuluh Nadi

11.Muscle → Otot

Greetings

Definition of The Greetings :
Greetings is an act of communication in which human beings (as well as other members of the animal kingdom) intentionally make their presence known to each other, to show attantion to, and to suggest a type of relationship or social status between individuals or groups of people coming in contact with each other .
Greetings can be expressed both avdibly and physically, and often involve a combination of the two. This topic excludes military and ceremonial salutes but includes rituals other then gestures.

▼ General Greetings ( Formal )

• Hello !
• How are you ?
• How are you doing ?
• How is everything ?
• How is everything going ?
• How have you been keeping ?
• I trust that everything is well ?

▼ General Greetings ( Informal )

• Hi
• What's up ?
• Good to see you
• How are things ( with you ) ?
• How's it going ?
• How's live been treating you ?

Example Of Greetings :


Mr. Edison  :  Good afternoon. Is Mr. Felix at home ?
Kevin          :  Yes he is. Bay the way, may I know your name please ?
Mr. Edison  :  Sure. I'm Edison
Mr. Felix     :  Come in please, and have a seat. let me tell my Father
Mr. Edison  :  Thank you

Present Tense

Definition Of Present Tense :

Present tense is a tense to express habits, general truths, unchanging situation, emotions and whises.

▼ Habitual Actions

example :

• we eat rice every day
• I wake up at 5 a.m
• You ride your bike every sunday

▼ General Truth

example :

• The sunrise in the east
• The earth revolves around the sun
• Indonesia is a big country

Nominal sentence
S + Tobe + adjective/noun /adverb
S + Tobe+ not + adjective /noun/adverb
Tobe + S + adjective /noun/ adverb

 Example :

• he is pilot
• is he pilot ?
• he is not pilot

Verbal sentence
S + V1 + or s/es ( he,she,it) + O + Compliment
S + do/does + O + Compliment
Do/does + S + O + Compliment

Example :

• I drink tea
• do I drink tea ?
• I do not drink tea

Past Tense

Definition of Past Tense :
Past tense is to tell the events or incidents at the past time.


Past tense is used :


 - When the speaker thinks of an activity or state as occurred and complete at a specific time in the past .
 - For a non-fact in the present or future  time.This is traditionally called the” subjunctive mood “.


Example : If I had the money now,I’d buy a car .
  ▼To refer a single event on the past .


Example : I called Mary last night .
  ▼The past habitual action .


Example : We went to school together,and we shared many experinces .




The Simple Past Tense :


Simple Past Tense is kind of tense which is used to describe an event or action that happened already in a certain time in the past.
Adverbs used: yesterday,last night ,last week,two days ago,a few minutes ago,last weekend ,last month ,last years,in 1984,etc.
 
> Simple past for regular verbs is added by- ed to the root of a word .
Example : She worked at the office yesterday .


> A negation is produced by adding did not and the verb in its infinitive form .
Example : She did not work at the office yesterday .


Question sentence are started with did as in Did  she work at the office yesterday ?
Verbal
There are two pattern of Simple Past Tense :

• ( + ) Subject + verb II + complement
• ( -  ) Subject + did not + verb I + complement
• ( ?  ) Did + subject + verb I ?

Nominal

• ( + ) Subject + to be ( was/were ) + Object
• ( – ) Subject + to be ( was/were ) + Not + Object
• ( ? ) To be ( was/ were ) + Subject + Object ?

Past Continuonus Tense


Past Continuonus Tense is a kind of tense that is used to describe an event or an action which was happening in a certain in the past.
As with the present tense,the continuous aspect that the activity is in progress ,or that it is uncompleted ,at  the specified time.


The Pattern :

• ( + ) Subject + to be ( was/were ) + verb – ing + complement
• (  - ) Subject + was not / were not + verb- ing + complement
• ( ? ) Was/were + subject + verb-ing + complement ?

Past Perfect Tense


Past Perfect Tense is a kind of tense that is used to describe an action or an event that started in a certain time in the past and completed or finished till certain or an event that had happened before the other event or action happened.


The Pattern :

• ( + ) Subject + had + verb III + complement
• ( – ) Subject + had not + verb III + complement
• ( ? ) Had + subject + verb III + complement ?

Past Perfect Continuous Tense


Past Perfect Continuous Tense is like the past perfect tense ,but it  expresses longer actions in the past.


The Pattern :

• ( + ) Subject + Had + been + verb –ing + complement
• ( -  ) Subject + Had + not + been + verb-ing + complement
• ( ? ) Had + subject + been + verb –ing + complement ?

procedure text

Definition of Procedure Text :
 

Procedure Text is a text that is designed to describe how something is achieved throught a squence of actions or steps. It explains how people perform different processes in a squence of steps. This text uses simple present tense, often imperative sentence. It also uses the temporal conjuction such as : First, second, then, next, finally, etc .  

Generic Structure of Procedure : 

▼  Goal ( showing the purpose ) 

▼  Material ( Telling the needed materials ) 

▼  Step 1-end ( Describing the steps to achieve the purpose )

 

Language Feature of Procedure :

▼Using temporal conjunction  

▼Using action verb 

▼Using imperative sentence  

▼Using Simple Present Tense

 

 

 

Example Of Procedure Text :

 

 

avocado juice

 

How to make an avocado juice :

Materials :

·         1 avocado

·         A half glass of water

·         Some sugar

·         Several ice cubes

Steps :

1.       First, spoon out avocado pulp and place in blender.

2.       Then, add a half glass of water.

3.       Add enough sugar.

4.       Mix it or blend it.

5.       Pour the juice in a tall glass.

6.       Finally add several ice cubes.

7.       The avocado juice is ready to serve.

 

 

Narative Text

Definition Of Narrative :

Narrative is a text focusingspecific participants. Its social function is to tell stories or past events and entertain the readers.

Narrative text such as : 

▼  Fable (mouse deer and crocodile),

▼  lagend / folk tables (sangkuriang, malin kundang), 

▼  fairy tale (Cinderella, snow white, pinochio) . 

The Generic of Narrative Text  :
1) Orientation       : It sets the scane and introduces the participants 

                                ( it answer the questions = who, when, what, where ) .
2) Evaluation        : a stepping back to evaluate the plight 

                                (the information about the narrator's point of  view). It's optional .
3) Complications  : a crisis or a problem arises. It usually involves the main characters .
4) Resulation       : a solution to the problem (for better or worse) .
5) Resolution       : The crisis is revolved, for better or worse .

Generic Structure Of Narrative :

The Legend of Toba Lake

Once upon time, there was a handsome man. His name was Batara Guru Sahala. He liked fishing. One day, he caught a fish. He was surprised to find out that the fish could talk. The fish begged him to set it free.
Batara Guru could not bear it. He made the fish free. As soon as it was free, the fish changed into a very beautiful woman. She attracted Batara Guru so much. He felt in love with that fish-woman. The woman wanted to marry with him and said that Batara Guru had to keep the secret which she had been a fish. Batara Guru aggreed and promised that he would never tell anybody about it.
They were married happily. They had two daughters. One day Batara Guru got very angry with his daughter. He could not control his mad. He shouted angrily and got the word of fish to his daugters. The daughters were crying. They found their mother and talked her about it.
The mother was very annoyed. Batara Guru broke his promise. The mother was shouting angrily. Then the earth began to shake. Volcanoes started to erupt. The earth formed a very big hole. People believed that the big hole became a lake. Then this lake is known as Toba lake.

Recount Text

Definition of Recount  :

Recount is a text which retells events or experiences in the past. Its purpose is either to inform or

 to entertain the audience. There is no complication among the participants and that differentiates from narrative

Recount text is commonly labeled as non-fiction writing. It is one of kind text genres, beside of narrative, spoof and others. Recount text can be a found in many ways to write a biography. 

Recount text is included in a group of narration, similar tospoof and narrative. Recount text focuses on the series of event, one event followed by the others. Commonly recount text is arranged in chronological order; whether by time or by the essence of the event itself. 

Generic Structure of Recount :
1. Orientation: Introducing the participants, place and time
2. Events: Describing series of event that happened in the past
3. Reorientation: It is optional. Stating personal comment of the writer to the story

 

Language Feature of Recount :

▼Introducing personal participant; I, my group, etc

▼Using chronological connection; then, first, etc

▼Using linking verb; was, were, saw, heard, etc

▼Using action verb; look, go, change, etc

▼Using simple past tense

The Example Of Recount Text :

Announcement

Definition of Announcement :

Announcement is something said, written, or paintend to make know what has happened (more often) what will happen .

We can find announcement in television, radio, newspaper, wall magazines in school, etc.   

 The announcement has function to state an information about an event that has happened or going to happened  and to state office policies or practice limitations to the public and proffesion .

 

Characteristic of announcement : 

▼  Use simple present tense 

▼  Use simple future tense 

▼  Use simple past tense

In writing an announcement ,keep the following points :

▼  The title/ type of event 

▼  Date /time ,place and 

▼  Contact  person

example of announcement :

Giving instruction

Definition of Giving Instruction :
Giving instruction is an expression for give or ask somebody to do something that we want.

Giving instruction same with imperative sentences.

Giving instruction are :

1. Command.
• Verb (+ O).

Example : Watch out, come here, etc.

· Please + V (+ O).

Example : Please clean your room.

· V (+ O) + Please.

Example : Wash this towel, please.

2. Prohibition.

· Don’t + V (+ O).

Example : Don’t close it!

· Don’t + V (+ O) + Please.

Example : Don’t be noise, please.

· Would you mind not + V-ing (+ O).

Example : Would you mind not reading my diary.

Kinds of giving instruction :

· Verb 1.

Example :

▼  Wash your hand.

▼  Eat your meal.

▼  Sit down.

· Be + adjective.

Example :

▼  Be your self.

▼  Be a good student.

▼  Be strong.

▼  Be happy.

· Don’t + V-infinitive.

Example :

▼  Don’t armb!

▼  Don’t eat!

▼  Don’t approach!

▼  Don’t disturb!

▼  Don’t touch!

· No + V-ing.

Example :

▼  No smooking!

▼  No swimming!

▼  No parking!

Notes : The tense used in giving intruction is "Simple Present Tense"

We use the word "please" at the beginning/at the end of an intruction to make it sounds more polite.

Example : 

▼  Turn of the lamp, please 

▼   please don't do that